01. 文件读写基础
Python 使用 open() 函数打开文件。推荐使用 with 语句自动管理文件资源。常用打开模式:r 只读,w 写入(覆盖),a 追加。
python
# 写入文件
with open("hello.txt", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
f.write("Hello, World!\n")
f.write("第二行内容\n")
# 读取整个文件
with open("hello.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
content = f.read()
# 逐行读取
with open("hello.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
for line in f:
print(line.strip())02. JSON 与 CSV 操作
Python 的 json 模块可以方便地读写 JSON 文件。csv 模块用于处理 CSV 格式数据。
python
import json
import csv
# 写入 JSON
data = {"name": "张三", "age": 25, "scores": [90, 85, 92]}
with open("data.json", "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
json.dump(data, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
# 读取 JSON
with open("data.json", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
loaded = json.load(f)
# 读取 CSV
with open("students.csv", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
reader = csv.DictReader(f)
for row in reader:
print(f"{row['姓名']} 成绩: {row['成绩']}")知识测验
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with 语句在文件操作中的作用是什么?
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